Fenomenologia e disabilità fisica: per una politica del corpo non-normato
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.1825-8670/10620Parole chiave:
Fenomenologia, Disabilità, Disabilità Fisica, Corpo Non-Normato, Dis-ApparenzaAbstract
Guadagnare la disabilità tra gli ambiti di riflessione della fenomenologia è un’azione politica urgente. Con questo contributo, si vuole concorrere al dibattito intorno alla disabilità fisica, partendo dai significati dell’esperienza concreta e disvelandone le strutture che socialmente informano questi corpi nelle loro relazioni con gli altri. Vivere la disabilità fisica significa vivere un corpo compromesso che riordina l’esperienza propriocettiva di spazio, tempo, relazione con il sé e con gli altri, definisce la conoscenza del mondo e subisce una ingiusta e abilistica organizzazione sociale e culturale. In questo ambito, si introduce il concetto di dis-apparenza: il corpo compromesso dis-appare di fronte a norme prodotte dai corpi abili ed è escluso dal progetto condiviso di un mondo-insieme-con-gli-altri. La riflessione fenomenologica appare, in questo senso, in grado di ripensare e sostenere la partecipazione sociale delle persone con disabilità fisica.Riferimenti bibliografici
Abberley, P. (1987). The concept of oppression and the development of a social theory of disability. Disability, Handicap & Society, 2, 5-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/02674648766780021
Abrams, T. (2016). Cartesian dualism and disabled phenomenology. Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research, 18(2), 118-128. https://doi.org/10.1080/15017419.2014.995219
Bendelow, G., & Williams, S. (1995). Transcending the dualisms: towards a sociology of pain. Sociology of Health & Illness, 17, 139-165. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9566.ep10933376
Bertolini, P. (2003). Educazione e politica. Milano: Raffaello Cortina.
Campbell, F. K. (2009). Contours of Ableism: The Production of Disability and Abledness. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230245181
Castañeda, R., & Peters, M. L. (2000). Ableism. In M. Adams, W. J. Blumenfled, R. Castañeda, H. W. Hackman, M. L. Peters, & X. Zúñiga (Eds.), Readings for diversity and social justice (pp. 319-323). New York: Routledge.
Csordas, T. J. (1994). Introduction: the body as representation and being-in-the world. In T. J. Csordas (Ed.), Embodiment and Experience. The existential ground of culture and self (pp. 1-26). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Davis, L. J. (1995). Enforcing Normalcy: disability, deafness and the body. London: Verso.
De Warren, N. (2017). Husserl e la promessa del tempo. La soggettività nella fenomenologia trascendentale. Pisa: Edizioni ETS.
Goffman, E. (1963). Stigma: Notes on the management of spoiled identity. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Hughes, B., & Paterson, K. (1997). The social model of disability and the disappearing body: towards a sociology of impairment. Disability and Society, 12(3), 325-340. https://doi.org/10.1080/09687599727209
Iori, V. (2006). Nei sentieri dell'esistere. Spazio, tempo, corpo nei processi formativi. Trento: Erickson.
Kattari, S. K., Olzman, M., & Hanna, M. D. (2018). “You Look Fine!”: Ableist Experiences by People With Invisible Disabilities. Affilia, 33(4), 477-492. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886109918778073
Lascioli, A. (2011). Handicap e pregiudizio. Le radici culturali. Milano: FrancoAngeli.
Lascioli, A. (2016). Prejudice and Disability… Educating the Looking. Italian Journal of Special Education for Inclusion, IV(2), 14-30.
Leder, D. (1990). The Absent Body. Chicago: Chicago University Press.
Lyon, M. L., & Barbalet, J. M. (1994). Society's Body: Emotion and the ‘Somatization’ of Social Theory. In T. J. Csordas (Ed.), Embodiment and Experience. The existential ground of culture and self (pp. 48-67). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Maffesoli, M. (1996). The Time of the Tribes. London: Sage.
Martiny, K. M. (2015). How to develop a phenomenological model of disability. Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy, 18: 553-565. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11019-015-9625-x
Merleau-Ponty, M. (2005). Fenomenologia della percezione. Milano: Bompiani (ed. or. Phénomenologie de la perception. Paris: Gallimard, 1945).
Murphy, R. (1987). The body silent. New York: Henry Holt.
Paterson, K., & Hughes, B. (1999). Disability studies and phenomenology. The carnal politics of everyday life. Disability and Society, 14, 597-610. https://doi.org/10.1080/09687599925966
Reynolds, J. M. (2017a). ‘I'd Rather Be Dead than Disabled’ — The Ableist Conflation and the Meanings of Disability. Review of Communication, 17(3), 149-163. https://doi.org/10.1080/15358593.2017.1331255
Reynolds, J. M. (2017b). Merleau-Ponty, World-Creating Blindness, and the Phenomenology of Non-Normate Bodies. Chiasmi International: Trilingual Studies Concerning Merleau-Ponty's Thought, 19, 419-434. https://doi.org/10.5840/chiasmi20171934
Sartre, J. P. (2014). L'Essere e il Nulla. Milano: Il Saggiatore (ed. or. L'Être et le Néant: Essai d'ontologie phénoménologique, Paris: Gallimard, 1943).
Smith, l., Foley, P. F. & Chaney, M. P. (2008). Addressing Classism, Ableism, and Heterosexism in Counselor Education. Journal of Counseling & Development, 86, 303-309. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6678.2008.tb00513.x
Toombs, S. K. (1990). The temporality of illness: Four levels of experience. Theoretical Medicine, 11, 227-241. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00489832
Toombs, S. K. (1992). The meaning of illness: A phenomenological account of the different perspectives of physician and patient. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2630-4
Toombs, S. K. (1995). The Lived Experience of Disability. Human Studies, 18(1), 9-23. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01322837
Turner, B. (1992). Regulating Bodies: essays in medical sociology. London: Routledge.
Turner, B. (2001). Disability and the sociology of the body. In G. L. Albrecht, K. D. Seelman, & M. Bury (Eds.), Handbook of Disabilities Studies (pp. 252-266). London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412976251.n10
Wehrle, M. (2017). The Normative Body and the Embodiment of Norms. Yearbook for Eastern and Western Philosophy, 2017(2), pp. 323-337. https://doi.org/10.1515/yewph-2017-0023
Wehrle, M. (2019). Being a body and having a body. The twofold temporality of embodied intentionality. Phenomenology and Cognitive Sciences, 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11097-019-09610-z
World Health Organization. (2001). International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health. Geneva: WHO.
Downloads
Pubblicato
Come citare
Fascicolo
Sezione
Licenza
Copyright (c) 2020 Luca Ghirotto
La rivista è rilasciata sotto una licenza Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (licenza completa).