Between play and learning: Teacher’s perception of children’s well-being at school
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.1825-8670/21094Keywords:
Primary School, Pedagogy of play, Play-based learning, Grounded Theory, ParticipationAbstract
This paper presents the results of ChiPS: Children’s Playfulness in School, a research project investigating the relationship between play and children’s well-being in primary schools. By analyzing 10 narrative interviews conducted with teachers from 4 schools in the province of Bolzano, we investigated how they perceive school environments and the existence of moments that foster children’s well-being. Sampling and data analysis were in line with the Grounded Theory approach. The results reveal that the quality of the relationship between children, as well as between adults and children (Heinzel, 2022), is nourished by the pleasure of being together at school: in the spaces between lessons, during breaks, before and after school and in the group work encouraged by open teaching (Petillon, 1993; Peschel, 2003; Demo, 2016). We have termed such moments ‘liminal spaces’, that is, transitional situations between different places and times within the school institution (Turner in Berti, 2023).References
Baer, U. (2020). Spiel. In P. Bollweg, J. Buchna, T. Coelen, & H.-U. Otto (Eds.), Handbuch Ganztagsbildung (pp. 467–478). Wiesbaden: Springer. ISBN 978-3-658-23229-0
Ballardini, R., Battacchi, M. W., & Frabboni, F. (1971). Il campo-gioco e la città. Firenze: La Nuova Italia.
Bateson, G. (1984). Mente e natura. Milano: Adelphi. ISBN 978-8845905605
Berti, F. (2022). Pedagogia del gioco: Il gioco inclusivo. Riflessioni sulla scuola come spazio ludico. In H. Demo, S. Cappello, & V. Macchia (Eds.), Didattica e inclusione scolastica – Inklusion im Bildungsbereich. Emergenze educative – Neue Horizonte (53–71). Centro di competenza per l’inclusione scolastica. Bolzano: Bu,Press.
Berti, F. (2023). The Shared Space of Play. Traditional Games as a Tool of Intercultural Education. Zurich: Lit Verlag.
Berti, F. (2024). Per un approccio della somiglianza nell’educazione interculturale. In S. Cappello & H. Demo (Eds.), Didattica e inclusione scolastica – Inklusion im Bildungsbereich. Emergenze educative – Vernetzt: costruire comunità. Centro di competenza per l’inclusione scolastica. Bolzano: Bu,Press.
Bhabha, H. K. (1994). The location of culture. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0415336390
Bodrova, E., & Leong, D. J. (2003). The importance of being playful. Educational Leadership, 60(7), 50–53.
Booth, T., & Ainscow, M. (2011). Index for Inclusion: Developing learning and participation in schools. Centre for Studies on Inclusive Education. ISBN 978-1872001685
Briggs, M., & Hansen, A. (2012). Play-Based Learning in the primary School. London: SAGE. ISBN 978-0857028242
Blumer, H. (1954). What is wrong with social theory. American Sociological Review, 18(1), 3–10.
Brophy-Herb, H., Lee, E. R., Nievar, A., & Stollak, G. (2007). Preschoolers’ social competence: Relations to family characteristics, teacher behaviors, and classroom climate. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 28(2), 134–138.
Caillois, R. (1967). I giochi e gli uomini. La maschera e la vertigine. Milano: Bompiani. ISBN 978-8845246937
Caprino, F. (2018). Il gioco libero all’aperto nella scuola: una risorsa educativa per promuovere il benessere e l’apprendimento. In B. Bocchi, A. Coppi, & D. Kofler (Eds.), La natura mette radici a scuola. Teorie e pratiche di Outdoor Education. Bergamo: Zeroseiup.
Capperucci, D., & Piccioli, M. (2015). L’insegnante di scuola primaria. Identità, competenze e profilo professionale. Milano: FrancoAngeli. ISBN 889-1713635
Chakraborty, A. R. (2016). Liminality in post-colonial theory: A journey from Arnold van Gennep to Homi K. Bhabha. Anudhyan: An International Journal of Social Sciences (AIJSS), 1(1), 145–153.
Charmaz, K. (2003). Grounded theory: Objectivist and constructivist methods. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Strategies for Qualitative Inquiry (pp. 249–291). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. ISBN 978-0761926917
Charmaz, K. (2006). Constructing Grounded Theory. A Practical Guide through Qualitative Analysis. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. ISBN 978-0761973539
Clarke, A. E. (2003). Situational analyses: Grounded theory mapping after the postmodern turn. Symbolic Interaction, 26, 553–576.
Consalvo, G. (2020). Promozione della competenza plurilingue. Milano: FrancoAngeli. ISBN 978-8835107880
Coulter J. (1989). Mind in Action. Cambridge: Polity Press. (Trad. it.: Mente, conoscenza, società, Bologna, il Mulino, 1991).
Demo H. (2016). Didattica aperta e inclusione. Principi, metodologie e strumenti per insegnanti della scuola primaria e secondaria. Trento: Centro Studi Erickson. ISBN 9788859012269
Dewey J. (1984). Le fonti di una scienza dell’educazione. Firenze: La Nuova Italia. ISBN 978-8822109194
Dewey, J. (1994). Come pensiamo. Firenze: La Nuova Italia. ISBN 978-8832851212
Einsiedler, W. (1999). Das Spiel der Kinder. Zur Pädagogik und Psychologie des Kinderspiels (3rd vol). Bad Heilbrunn: Klinkhardt. ISBN 978-3781509771
Erlandson D. A., Harris E. L., Skipper B. L. & Allen S. D. (1993). Doing Naturalistic Inquiry. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. ISBN 978-0803949386
Esser, F. (2014). Agency revisited: Relationale Perspektiven auf Kindheit und die Handlungsfähigkeit von Kindern. Zeitschrift für Soziologie der Erziehung und Sozialisation, 34, 233–246.
Esser, F., Baader, M. S., Betz, T., & Hungerland, T. (Eds.). (2016). Reconceptualising Agency and Childhood: New Perspectives in Childhood Studies. Abingdon: Routledge. ISBN 9780815359906
Farné, R. (2005). Pedagogy of play. Topoi, 24(2), 169–181.
Farné, R. (2014). Introduzione a “Tensione cognitiva. Un’antologia di scritti di Alberto Manzi sull’educazione scientifica”. Centro Alberto Manzi.
Farné, R. (2016). Per una fenomenologia del gioco. Encyclopaidedia, XX (45), 30–52.
Frabboni, F. (2014). Felicità a scuola. Roma: Anicia. ISBN 978-8867091379
Freiberg, H. J. (1998). Measuring school climate: Let me count the ways. Educational Leadership, 56(1), 22–26.
Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (1967). The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. New York: Aldine Publishing. ISBN 0-202-30260-1
Glaser, B. G. (1978). Theoretical Sensitivity: Advances in the Methodology of Grounded Theory. Mill Valley (CA): Sociology Press. ISBN 9781884156014
Grazzini, B. K. (2016). The hungry mind: From the Casa dei Bambini to cosmic education. NAMTA Journal, 41(1), 91–103. Retrieved from https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1094695
Hascher, T., Kramer, R.-T., & Pallesen, H. (2020). Schulklima und Schulkultur. In T. Hascher, T. S. Idel, & W. Helsper (Eds.), Handbuch Schulforschung (pp. 1–30). Wiesbaden: Springer.
Hauber, M., & Zander, A. (2020). Spielen macht Schule – spielend zum Lernerfolg. In V. Mehringer & W. Waburg (Eds.), Spielzeug, Spiele und Spielen (pp. 175–196). Wiesbaden: Springer.
Heimlich, U. (2023). Einführung in die Spielpädagogik. Bad Heilbrunn: Klinkhardt. ISBN 978-3825260637
Heinzel, F. (2022). Kindheit und Grundschule. In H.-H. Krüger, C. Grunert, & K. Ludwig (Eds.), Handbuch Kindheits- und Jugendforschung (pp. 751–780). Leverkusen: Leske & Budrich.
Kuschner, D. (2012). Play is natural to childhood but school is not: The problem of integrating play into the curriculum. International Journal of Play, 1(2), 42–49.
Jachyra, P., & Fusco, C. (2016). The place of play: From playground to policy to classroom well-being. Education & Society, 21(2), 217–238.
Lincoln, Y.S., & Guba, E.G. (1985). Naturalistic Inquiry. Newbury Park: Sage. ISBN 978-0803924314
Mardell, B., Solis, L., & Bray, O. (2019). The state of play in school: Defining and promoting playful learning in formal education settings. International Journal of Play, 8(3), 232–236.
McKenney, S., & Reeves, T. C. (2012). Conducting Educational Design Research. London: Routledge. ISBN 9781138095564
Mead G. H. (2010). Mente, sé e società. Firenze: Giunti. ISBN 978-8809745605
Melton, G. B., Gross-Manos, D., Ben-Arieh, A., & Yazykova, E. (2014). The nature and scope of child research: Learning about children’s lives. In G. B. Melton, A. Ben-Arieh, J. Cashmore, G. S. Goodman, & N. K. Worley (Eds.), The SAGE Handbook of Child Research (pp. 3–28). Los Angeles: SAGE.
Merriam, S. (2009). Qualitative Research: A Guide to Design and Implementation. Hoboken, NJ: Jossey-Bass (Wiley). ISBN 978-1119003618
Mohajan, D., & Mohajan, H. (2022). Memo writing procedures in grounded theory research methodology. Studies in Social Science & Humanities, 1(4), 10–18. Retrieved from https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/115246/
Montessori, M. (2007). Come educare il potenziale umano. Milano: Garzanti. ISBN 978-8811679196
Moritz, M., & Vater, G. (2014). Lernen in Beziehungen – Lernen durch Beziehungen: Die offene Schule Waldau. In C. Tillack, N. Fischer, D. Raufelder, & J. Fetzer (Eds.), Beziehungen in Schule und Unterricht. Teil 1 (pp. 236–251). Leverkusen-Opladen: Barbara Budrich.
Mortari, L. (Ed.). (2009). La ricerca per i bambini. Milano: Mondadori. ISBN 978-8861840409
Mortari, L., Valbusa, F., & Ubbiali, M. (2020). La metodologia della ricerca educativa: Un esempio di ricerca per i bambini. Pedagogia più Didattica, 6(2). Edizioni Centro Studi Erickson.
Peschel, F. (2003). Offener Unterricht. Idee, Realität, Perspektive und ein praxiserprobtes Konzept zur Diskussion. Baltmannsweiler: Schneider. ISBN 978-3834001283
Petillon, H. (1993). Das Sozialleben des Schulanfängers. Die Schule aus der Sicht des Kindes. Weinheim: Beltz. ISBN 978-3621271585
Petillon, H. (2015). 1000 Spiele für die Grundschule: Von Adlerauge bis Zauberbaum. Weinheim: Beltz. ISBN 978-3407629937
Petillon, H. (2017). Soziales Lernen in der Grundschule – das Praxisbuch. Weinheim: Beltz. ISBN 978-3407257772
Pyle, A., & Danniels, E. (2017). A continuum of play-based learning: The role of the teacher in play-based pedagogy and the fear of hijacking play. Early Education and Development, 28(3), 274–289.
Regni, R., & Fogassi, L. (2019), Maria Montessori e le neuroscienze. Cervello, mente, educazione. Roma: Fefè Editore. ISBN 978-8895988955
Rosenthal G. (2018). Interpretive Social Research: An introduction. Göttingen: University Press.
Sandberg, A., & Heden, R. (2011). Play’s importance in school. Education 3-13: International Journal of Primary, Elementary and Early Years Education, 39(3), 317–329. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1080/03004270903530441
Seitz, S., & Berti, F. (2023). Wenn die ganze Schule am Spielen ist. In M. Gutzmann & E. M. Osterhues-Bruns (Eds.), Bewegungskultur in der Schule (pp. 63-72). Frankfurt/Main: Grundschulverband.
Seitz, S., & Berti F. (2024). Weniger ist mehr? Die Potenziale einfacher Spielmaterialien und traditioneller Spiele für eine inklusive Ganztagsbildung. In V. Mehringer, Volker & W. Waburg (Hrsg.). Diversität und Inklusion bei Spielzeug und Spielen (pp. 192-207). Weinheim: Beltz Juventa. ISBN: 978-3-7799-8361-3
Seitz, S., Berti, F., & Hamacher, C. (2023). Throughout the day on the way to more educational justice? Children’s views on all-day primary schooling. In S. Seitz, P. Auer, & R. Bellacicco (Eds.), Inclusion in an International Perspective: Educational Justice in the Focus (pp. 91-118). Leverkusen: Verlag Barbara Budrich. https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.2430381.8.
Sormano, A. (2006). Immagini e parole. Stereotipi e finzioni nelle descrizioni di una fotografia. Quaderni di Sociologia, (40).
Staccioli, G. (2008). Il gioco e il giocare. Roma: Carocci Editore. ISBN 978-8843046256
Staccioli, G. (2010). Ludobiografia: raccontare e raccontarsi con il gioco. Roma: Carocci Editore. ISBN 9788874663248
Stone, S. J. (2017). The essential role of play in school contexts for the well-being of children. LEARNing Landscapes, 10(2), 305–318. Retrieved from https://www.learninglandscapes.ca/index.php/learnland/article/view/Essential-Role-of-Play-in-School-Contexts-for-the-Well-Being-of-Children
Strauss A., Corbin J. (1990). Basics of Qualitative Research. Grounded Theory Procedures and Techniques. Newbury Park (CA): Sage. ISBN 978-1412906449
Sutton-Smith, B. (1997). The Ambiguity of Play. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0674005815
Tarozzi M. (2008). Che cos’è la Grounded Theory. Roma: Carocci. ISBN 978-8843044887
Thibault, M. (2020). Ludosemiotica. Il gioco tra segni, testi, pratiche e discorsi. Roma: Aracne. ISBN 978-8825532128
Tonucci F. (2003). La città dei bambini. Bari: Laterza. ISBN 978-8842075516
Turner, V. W. (1974). Liminal to liminoid, in play, flow, and ritual: An essay in comparative symbology. Rice Institute Pamphlet – Rice University Studies, 60(3), 53–92. Retrieved from https://repository.rice.edu/items/04a72d90-ffff-4d22-b8bc-381d25633846
Turner, V. W. (1982). From Ritual to Theatre: The Human Seriousness of Play. New York: Performing Arts Journal Publications. ISBN 978-0933826175
Turner, V. W. (1986). Anthropology of Performance. New York: PAJ Publications. ISBN 978-1555540005
Wilders, C., & Wood, E. (2023). ‘If I play, I won’t learn’: Children’s perceptions and experiences of transition and school readiness from Maternelle to Year 1. Journal of Early Childhood Research, 21(2), 162–180. Retrieved from https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1476718X221145460
Wood, E. (2022). Play and learning in early childhood education: tensions and challenges. Child studies, (1), 15-26. https://doi.org/10.21814/childstudies.4124
Zosh, J. M., Hirsh-Pasek, K., Hopkins, E. J., Jensen, H., Liu, C., Neale, D., Solis, S. L., & Whitebread, D. (2018). Accessing the inaccessible: Redefining play as a spectrum. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 1124. Retrieved from https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01124/full
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Francesca Berti, Giulia Consalvo, Simone Seitz

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.