Alla ricerca di una base universale di valori educativi nella scuola pluralistica. Dai diritti umani all’etica globale e alla responsabilità
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.1825-8670/14723Parole chiave:
diritti umani, etica globale, responsabilità, exotopia, ascolto attivoAbstract
Il presente articolo sostiene che nella misura in cui la scuola di base diventa sempre più pluralistica è importante (ri)discutere i valori essenziali sui quali l'educazione dovrebbe fondarsi. I diritti umani sono spesso considerati principio universale delle società democratiche occidentali e quindi base di valori universali per l'istruzione. Ciò nonostante, sembrano essere insufficienti, in primo luogo perché ne viene spesso messa in dubbio l'universalità e, in secondo luogo, perché sono intesi soprattutto come principi giuridici piuttosto che etici. Il concetto su cui notoriamente si fonda l'etica dei diritti umani è quello di etica globale. E da uno dei principali pilastri dell'etica globale derivano i valori universali dell'educazione: la responsabilità per l'altro, intesa come prendersi cura dell'altro, essere per l'altro, trattare e avvicinarsi all'altro con rispetto. A tal fine gli insegnanti dovrebbero incoraggiare interazioni sociali basate sull'ascolto attivo e sull'exotopia.
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